Introduction and Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of economic globalization on social justice and environmental well-being in developed and developing countries, given concerns about the unfair distribution of benefits, widening income gaps between North and South, and environmental degradation.
Research Methodology: The present study is classified as descriptive-analytical research in terms of method. The required data were collected using a documentary (library) method by reviewing written and digital sources.
Findings: The findings indicate that economic globalization has dual consequences. On the one hand, increased foreign investment, economic growth, and technology transfer can lead to improved living standards and public welfare. On the other hand, unfair distribution of benefits, widening income gaps between North and South countries, reduced job security for low-skilled workers, and environmental degradation are among its negative consequences. In the field of environmental well-being, the results of empirical studies show that in developed countries, due to access to clean technologies, efficient institutions, and advanced environmental standards, globalization has a positive effect after crossing a certain threshold. However, in developing countries, due to technical, financial, and regulatory constraints, this effect remains negative. Factors such as the level of economic development, quality of governance, human capital, technological capacity, and environmental regulations play a decisive role in the differences in the consequences of globalization.
Conclusion: Economic globalization is neither inherently good nor bad; Benefiting from globalization requires strengthening institutions, developing clean technologies, improving education, and implementing sustainable development policies.