Introduction and Objective: In the digital age, educational systems have undergone fundamental transformations that have changed the role of the teacher from a "knowledge transmitter" to a "learning experience designer." This study aims to synthesize the findings of previous research in the fields of digital literacy, information literacy, and innovative teaching methods, identify the main components, analyze the challenges faced by teachers, and examine the role of these competencies in teacher effectiveness.
Methodology: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative and descriptive-analytical in terms of data nature, conducted using a library-based (documentary) method.
Findings: The findings indicate that digital literacy comprises technical-practical components (searching, content creation, online assessment) and attitudinal components (belief, interest, skill). Innovative teaching methods include group discussion, cooperative learning, problem-solving, activity-based teaching, and personalized teaching. The most significant challenges faced by teachers are classified into three levels: structural (lack of equipment, lack of motivational systems), procedural (40-minute time constraints, sudden technical problems), and individual-attitudinal (fear of technology, low self-efficacy, professional isolation). Furthermore, digital literacy and innovative methods have a positive impact on teachers' creativity, self-confidence, and interaction, but this impact reaches its peak when technology serves participatory and dialogue-oriented methods.
Conclusion: Digital literacy is not merely a technical concept but a human and attitudinal construct in which "the teacher's belief in their own ability" plays a central role. Software investment (training and attitude change) is more important than hardware investment, and educational innovation does not necessarily require expensive technologies. Overcoming these challenges requires structural redesign of the educational system, creating professional learning communities, and providing emotional and technical support platforms for teachers.